Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a neurohormone that is secreted in the intestines every time food is consumed. The GLP-1 hormone helps regulate blood sugar by enhancing glucose uptake into tissues and decreasing glucose production in the liver. It also slows stomach emptying to curb your appetite and prolong the feelings of fullness. GLP-1 receptor agonists, which bind to GLP-1 receptors, enhance this hormone’s effects.
What are the Side Effects of GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Although GLP-1 receptor agonists are effective, they come with potential side effects which I’ll discuss in this post.
Gastrointestinal Issues
The most common side effects are gastrointestinal, including vomiting, nausea, diarrhea, and constipation. These can be severe enough to necessitate stopping the medication.
Injection Site Reactions
For injectable forms, reactions at the injection site such as swelling, redness and pain may occur but typically subside within a few days.
Decreased Appetite
A significant – yet expected – side effect of GLP-1 potential therapy is a reduced appetite, which leads to a lower calorie consumption to help you achieve your weight loss and glycemic control goals.
Risk of Pancreatitis
There is a rare but increased risk of pancreatitis and the symptoms to watch for include severe midline abdominal pain radiating to the back, accompanied by vomiting and nausea.
Hypoglycemia
The risk of low blood sugar (hypoglycemia) is heightened in people taking GLP-1 drugs, especially when combined with other diabetes medications like sulfonylureas and insulin. Symptoms of hypoglycemia include fatigue, shaking and impaired mental clarity.
Thyroid Cancer Risk
Due to the risk of thyroid cancer, GLP-1 receptor agonists are contraindicated for individuals with a personal or family history of medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) or multiple endocrine neoplasia syndrome type 2 (MEN 2).
Managing and Reducing the GLP-1 Side Effects
Effective management of GLP-1 receptor agonist side effects requires a collaborative approach:
- Treatment is started with a low dose and gradually increasing it to minimize gastrointestinal side effects.
- Take oral medications with food and consume smaller, more frequent, high-fiber meals can also help.
- Rotate the injection sites and using proper techniques can reduce injection site reactions. Apply cold compresses can alleviate pain.
- Regularly monitor your symptoms and adhere to the prescribed regimen.
- Be sure to follow your routine follow-up appointments to check weight, vital signs, and lab tests. Monitoring for adverse effects helps improve tolerance and potential therapy treatment outcomes.
- You need to know how to recognize the side effects of GLP-1 drugs and be open in communicating with healthcare providers for better outcomes.
Considerations Before Starting GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
Before beginning treatment with GLP-1 basic receptor agonists, consider the following:
You need to undergo a thorough medical evaluation to weigh the risks and benefits. Shared decision-making between healthcare providers and patients should include a discussion of potential side effects and risks to enable informed choices.
Moreover, a tailored treatment plan based on your own health goals, diet history, co-morbid conditions, current medications, and preferences is necessary. GLP-1 receptor agonists should complement, not replace, your lifestyle modifications.